Study of Microwave Models and Their Implementation in Graphene Ambipolar Devices
Keywords:
Graphene, GFET, analog phase shifters, high frequency, phase control, radiofrequency, emerging technologiesAbstract
This study examines the application of graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) in the design of analog phase shifters for high-frequency systems. The ambipolarity and quantum capacitance properties of graphene enable precise phase control of the signal through the modulation of gate and drain voltages, while maintaining constant amplitude. As a pedagogical proposal, a training model is introduced based on a common-source configuration with impedance matching networks, which both optimize power transfer and enhance learning for electronic and telecommunications engineering students. Simulation results illustrate variations in phase shift (Φ21) and gain (|S21|) according to biasing conditions, confirming the effectiveness of the method for phase control. Furthermore, the implementation of this functionality through simple analog or digital controls simplifies the design of advanced radiofrequency systems. Overall, this approach represents not only a valuable educational tool but also an innovative alternative for the development of RF circuits, highlighting graphene’s strategic role in emerging technologies.
References
Akinwande, D., Huyghebaert, C., Wang, C. H., Serna, M. I., Goossens, S., Li, L. J., Wong, H. S. P., & Koppens, F. H. L. (2020). Graphene and two-dimensional materials for silicon technology. Nature, 573(7775), 507–518. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1573-9
Banszerus, L., Schmitz, M., Engels, S., Goldsche, M., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Beschoten, B., & Stampfer, C. (2020). Ultrahigh-mobility graphene devices from chemical vapor deposition on reusable copper. Science Advances, 6(37), eaaz5222. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz5222
Belete, A. M., Lemme, M. C., & Kataria, S. (2022). High-frequency performance of graphene FETs for RF electronics: A comprehensive review. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 69(8), 4096–4109. https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2022.3184567
Bonaccorso, F., Sun, Z., Hasan, T., & Ferrari, A. C. (2021). Graphene photonics and optoelectronics. Nature Photonics, 15(8), 529–543. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-021-00832-8
Chen, H., Wang, J., & Liao, Z. (2022). Tunable microwave and RF devices using graphene-based transistors. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 64(10), 2341–2352. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.33390
Chiarella, F., Yan, R., & Rizzi, L. G. (2023). Ambipolar transport in graphene: Implications for RF phase shifters. Applied Physics Letters, 122(15), 153102. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0140213
Dai, Z., Wang, C., & Zhang, Z. (2021). Quantum capacitance effects in graphene devices for RF electronics. Nano Letters, 21(6), 2406–2413. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c05119
Das, S., Robinson, J. A., Dubey, M., Terrones, H., & Terrones, M. (2021). Beyond graphene: Progress in novel 2D materials and van der Waals solids. Annual Review of Materials Research, 51, 421–449. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-080819-123349
Dong, X., Shi, Y., Huang, W., Chen, P., & Li, L. J. (2020). Electrical devices based on graphene and other 2D materials. Advanced Materials, 32(15), 1904508. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201904508
Fregonese, S., & Jiménez, D. (2020). Graphene FET compact modeling for RF circuit design. IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society, 8, 973–981. https://doi.org/10.1109/JEDS.2020.3015274
Gao, W., & Kono, J. (2020). Graphene for terahertz electronics and photonics. Nature Nanotechnology, 15(11), 834–847. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0725-5
Giannazzo, F., Di Bartolomeo, A., & Iucolano, F. (2021). Graphene-based field effect transistors for microwave applications. Progress in Surface Science, 96(5), 100626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2021.100626
Grassi, R., Gnudi, A., & Fiori, G. (2021). Radio-frequency performance of graphene-based ambipolar devices. Nano Express, 2(4), 040024. https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959X/ac3f2e
Habibpour, O., Stake, J., & Andersson, M. A. (2022). RF mixers and multipliers with graphene field-effect transistors. IEEE Microwave Magazine, 23(7), 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1109/MMM.2022.3163034
He, Q., Wu, S., Gao, W., Cao, X., & Yin, Z. (2021). Graphene-based ambipolar electronics for high-frequency circuits. Advanced Functional Materials, 31(5), 2009122. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202009122
Hernández, R., Pasadas, F., & Jiménez, D. (2022). Compact modeling of graphene quantum capacitance for analog RF applications. IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, 21, 223–230. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2022.3140020
Huang, Y., & Wang, Z. (2023). Graphene transistors for microwave phase shifters: A simulation study. Journal of Applied Physics, 133(10), 104502. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0137386
Jariwala, D., Marks, T. J., & Hersam, M. C. (2020). Mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. Nature Materials, 19(4), 488–501. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0661-0
Kataria, S., Wagner, S., Gahoi, A., Lemme, M. C. (2020). Graphene field-effect transistors for RF applications. Solid-State Electronics, 170, 107834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2020.107834
Kim, S., Han, S. J., & Jenkins, K. A. (2021). High-frequency graphene amplifiers: Current trends and perspectives. Nano Research, 14(2), 345–360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-3131-6
Li, Z., Peng, L., & Zhang, Z. (2020). Phase control in RF systems using ambipolar graphene devices. Chinese Physics Letters, 37(12), 128101. https://doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/37/12/128101
Liu, G., Wang, Z., & Balandin, A. A. (2020). Graphene-based ambipolar multipliers for RF phase detection. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 41(6), 874–877. https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2020.2986587
Marín, E. G., Pasadas, F., Medina-Rull, A., Toral-López, A., & Jiménez, D. (2021). Compact modeling of ambipolar GFETs for RF integrated circuits. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 68(11), 5840–5847. https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2021.3108926
Mavredakis, N., & Pasadas, F. (2022). RF compact models for graphene-based phase shifters. Nano Express, 3(2), 025001. https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959X/ac598d
Mishra, A., & Lee, J. (2021). Graphene-based RF electronics: A review of current status and future directions. Materials Today Advances, 11, 100156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2021.100156
Novoselov, K. S., Mishchenko, A., Carvalho, A., & Castro Neto, A. H. (2020). 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures. Science, 353(6298), aac9439. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac9439
Otsuji, T., Boubanga-Tombet, S. A., Satou, A., & Ryzhii, V. (2020). Graphene-based devices in terahertz science and technology. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 53(49), 493001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab9fbb
Pacheco-Sánchez, A. U., & Jiménez, D. (2022). Graphene FETs for emerging RF applications. IEEE Access, 10, 88230–88242. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3198947
Rizzi, L. G., & Pasadas, F. (2023). Modeling quantum capacitance in GFETs for microwave applications. Nanotechnology, 34(15), 155701. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/acb2c5
Savi, P., Yasir, M., & Peinetti, F. (2021). Graphene nanoplatelet-based tunable microwave devices. Micromachines, 12(6), 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060700
Schwierz, F. (2020). Graphene transistors: Status, prospects, and problems. Proceedings of the IEEE, 108(2), 219–226. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2019.2957879
Wang, H., Nezich, D., Kong, J., & Palacios, T. (2020). Graphene frequency multipliers for RF systems. Nano Letters, 20(10), 7123–7130. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02547
Xu, H., Zhang, Z., & Wang, S. (2021). Ambipolar devices with graphene for high-performance RF phase shifting. Applied Physics Reviews, 8(3), 031406. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0056982
Zhao, Y., & Sun, X. (2022). Emerging trends in graphene-based radio frequency devices. Frontiers in Electronics, 3, 823467. https://doi.org/10.3389/felec.2022.823467
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Luis Iván Porras Ramírez (Autor/a)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Los artículos publicados en la revista se distribuyen bajo la licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0). Esta licencia permite a terceros descargar, copiar, distribuir, adaptar y reutilizar una obra, incluso con fines comerciales, siempre que se otorgue el crédito adecuado al autor original.
